6月，神舟十二号载人飞船发射成功，我国三名航天员进入空间站核心舱；中共一大纪念馆正式开馆；反外国制裁法正式公布实施；华为正式发布鸿蒙智能手机操作系统；教育部新成立校外教育培训监管司；中国共产党成立100周年纪念币发行；我国首次颁授“七一勋章”；中央网信办开展饭圈乱象治理行动等。 截至6月27日早晨，天问一号环绕器在轨运行338天，地火距离3.6亿千米，祝融号火星车已在火星表面工作42个火星日，累计行驶236米。
三孩政策 three-child policy
中共中央政治局5月31日召开会议，听取“十四五”时期积极应对人口老龄化重大政策举措汇报，审议《关于优化生育政策促进人口长期均衡发展的决定》。
The meeting unveiled a policy that would allow all couples to have up to three children, in a bid to cope with an increasingly aging society. It also pledged stronger support for families.
会议提出，实施一对夫妻可以生育三个子女政策及配套支持措施，以应对人口老龄化程度加深问题。
【知识点】
党的十八大以来，党中央根据我国人口发展变化形势，先后作出一系列重大决策部署。
2013年，十八届三中全会决定启动实施“单独二孩”政策（夫妻中有一方为独生子女的可生育两个孩子，two-child policy for couples of which one partner is an only child）。
2015年，十八届五中全会决定实施“全面二孩政策”（the universal two-child policy），积极开展应对人口老龄化（aging population）行动，促进人口均衡发展（improve the balanced development of population）。
实施三孩政策，有哪些配套措施？
They stressed the need for unified policymaking in terms of marriage, births, parenting and education, with stronger measures to guide young adults on issues related to marriage and family values and to target unhealthy social conduct during wedding ceremonies and excessive betrothal gifts.
要将婚嫁、生育、养育、教育一体考虑，加强适婚青年婚恋观、家庭观教育引导，对婚嫁陋习、天价彩礼等不良社会风气进行治理。
【知识点】
彩礼（betrothal gifts）是我国婚礼习俗中的一部分，指婚前男方送给女方的礼金和聘礼，送彩礼代表婚约正式缔结，若有反悔，彩礼一般要退回。彩礼一般分为礼金（gift money）和实物（gift items）两部分。与彩礼对应的是女方出嫁时娘家准备的“嫁妆”（dowry）。
The level of services to ensure good prenatal and postnatal care must be improved, and a child care service system that benefits all families will be established.
提高优生优育服务水平，发展普惠托育服务体系。
The meeting called for greater equality in education and an enhanced supply of high-quality education resources to reduce families' education expenditure.
推进教育公平与优质教育资源供给，降低家庭教育开支。
More incentives in taxes and housing will be rolled out and the legitimate interests of women in the job market will be safeguarded.
加强税收、住房等支持政策，保障女性就业合法权益。
【词汇讲解】
Roll out something或者roll something out都表示“首次推出、发布（服务、产品、政策等）”，比如：The company plans to roll out the new product across Europe in the coming months.（公司计划未来几个月在欧洲发布这款新产品）。其名词形式为rollout，表示某个产品或服务经过试用后逐步扩大供应至更多人群，比如：rollout of COVID-19 vaccines（新冠疫苗供应）。此外，英语里还有一个固定短语roll out the red carpet for (someone)，字面意思是“为某人铺红毯”，其实也是“欢迎某人，盛情款待”的意思，比如：The city council decided to roll out the red carpet for the visit of the foreign prince.（该市议会决定为这位外国王子举办盛大的欢迎仪式）。
China should continue to implement its current reward and assistance system as well as preferential policies for families with one child and rural families with only two daughters who were born before the implementation of the two-child policy.
对全面两孩政策调整前的独生子女家庭和农村计划生育双女家庭，要继续实行现行各项奖励扶助制度和优惠政策。
The nation will establish and improve various policies for such families under the family planning policy.
要建立健全计划生育特殊家庭全方位帮扶保障制度。
The meeting urged efforts to deepen the national medium- and long-term population development strategy and regional population development planning to promote long-term and balanced population development.
要深化国家人口中长期发展战略和区域人口发展规划研究，促进人口长期均衡发展。
校外培训机构 off-campus training institutions
The State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) slapped fines amounting to 36.5 million yuan on 15 tutoring firms on Tuesday for false advertising and pricing frauds.
市场监管总局6月1日宣布，15家校外培训机构因虚假宣传、价格欺诈被处以总计3650万元的罚款。
【词汇讲解】
Fraud这个词既可以指“欺诈”这个行为或罪名，也可以表示某个人是“骗子”或某件事是“骗局”，比如：That diet book is a fraud and a waste of time（那本烹饪书就是骗人的，纯属浪费时间），credit card fraud（信用卡诈骗），He claims to be a doctor, but he's just a fraud without a medical licence.（他自称是医生，但其实是一个没有医师执照的骗子）。
The SAMR inspection found that 15 training institutions had indulged in false advertising, while 13 resorted to pricing frauds.
市场监管总局检查发现，15家机构有虚假宣传行为，13家机构存在价格欺诈行为。
【词汇讲解】
校外培训机构可以统称为after-school/off-campus training institutions，其中针对在校课程的“补习班”可以用cram session或者tutoring class表示，而根据孩子们的兴趣爱好开设的“兴趣班”则可以用hobby class表示。
The regulator found that academic qualifications of some tutors at the firms were fabricated or exaggerated.
市场监管总局发现部分培训机构虚构或夸大教师资质。
市场监管总局价监竞争局局长袁喜禄表示，
The tutoring industry should not develop for profiteering, and disorderly expansion should be forestalled.
校外培训不是逐利的风口，不是圈钱的工具，不能无序发展，不能盲目扩张。
【词汇讲解】
Profiteer这个词以profit开头，所以这个词表达的意思与“利润，利益”有关，profiteer可以用作动词或名词，表示“牟取暴利”或“牟取暴利的人、投机商人”等，比如：a war profiteer（战时投机商）。Profiteering也是名词，表示“牟取暴利（行为）”，比如：We will not tolerate profiteering on food aid that is supposed to be free.（我们不能容忍用免费的援助食物牟取暴利的行为）。
The malpractices of false advertising and pricing fraud have damaged the legitimate rights and interests of students and their parents and disrupted the orderly market competition.
虚假宣传、价格欺诈等违法违规行为不仅损害了家长和学生的合法权益，还严重扰乱了行业竞争秩序。
对于校外培训机构乱象，群众反映日益强烈
The first quarter of 2021 saw surging complaints about the tutoring industry, with the total number of complaints filed by consumers via the online service platform "12315" topping 47,100, up 65 percent from a year earlier.
今年一季度，12315在线平台的教育培训服务投诉举报达4.71万件，同比增长65%。
持续加大校外培训市场监管力度
Market regulators will build a long-term mechanism of oversight and improve the code of conduct and supervision principles.
市场监管部门将构建长效监管机制，完善校外培训机构的行为规范和监管原则。
鸿蒙操作系统 HarmonyOS 2
Chinese telecom giant Huawei on Wednesday officially launched its operating system HarmonyOS 2 for smartphones, providing customers worldwide with a competitive alternative that works on a diverse range of devices.
6月2日，中国通讯巨头华为正式发布鸿蒙智能手机操作系统，该系统可搭载多个系列的产品，为全球用户提供了一个颇具竞争力的替代品。
【知识点】
“鸿蒙”在汉语词典里的解释是：古人认为天地开辟之前是一团混沌的元气，这种自然的元气叫做鸿蒙。但鸿蒙系统的英文名却并没有直接采用汉语拼音HongMeng，而是取名Harmony。余承东是这样解释的：“‘鸿蒙’中文有‘开天辟地’的意思，最接近的英语单词就是Genesis（读作['dʒenəsɪs]）。用汉语拼音太难发音了，所以我们取名Harmony，希望给世界带来更多和平（peace）、方便（convenience）。”
这里的OS是operating system的简写形式，比如苹果的操作系统就是iOS，安卓的操作系统就是Android OS。
HarmonyOS, or Hongmeng in Chinese, is an open-source operating system designed for various devices and scenarios. It first launched on Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, including wearables and tablets, in August 2019.
鸿蒙是一个开源操作系统，可用于多个设备和场景。2019年8月，鸿蒙操作系统发布，主要用于可穿戴设备和平板等物联网设备。
鸿蒙操作系统有什么特点？
As a next-generation operating system for smart devices, HarmonyOS provides a common language for different kinds of devices to connect and collaborate, providing users with a more convenient, smooth, and secure experience.
鸿蒙系统是新一代智能终端操作系统，为不同设备的智能化、互联与协同提供统一的语言。鸿蒙更便捷、更流畅、更安全。
武汉大学计算机学院助理教授赵小刚表示，
Zhao called HarmonyOS a "mega-terminal" that enables more streamlined and efficient cross-device connectivity.
鸿蒙创造出了“超级终端”，使多设备互联更加简化、高效。
【词汇讲解】
Streamline这个词用作动词表示“to improve the effectiveness of an organization such as a business or government, often by making the way activities are performed simpler”，即“通过简化办事流程来提高企业或政府机构的效率”，比如，streamline administration and delegate power就是时政类报道中经常提到的“简政放权”，The cost-cutting measures include streamlining administrative procedures in the company（降低成本的措施包括简化公司的行政流程）。
"HarmonyOS greatly enhances the interactive speed between devices and improves the efficiency of their computing power, thus providing customers with a more optimized cross-device user experience," said Zhao.
鸿蒙大大提升了多设备的交互速度，提高了设备算力的利用率，从而提供了一个更加优化的多设备用户体验。
华为常务董事、消费者业务CEO余承东表示：
"We are surrounded by more and more smart devices these days, and are now in a world where all things are connected," said Yu. "Every single one of us is a part of this fully connected world, as is every device. We look forward to working with more partners and developers to build a thriving HarmonyOS ecosystem," he said.
随着每个人身边的智能设备越来越多，我们已步入万物互联时代。没有人是一个孤岛，每个人、每个设备都是万物互联大陆的一部分。我们希望与更多合作伙伴、开发者共同繁荣鸿蒙生态。
市场反馈
Chinese industries, including home appliances, sports and fitness, travel, entertainment, and education, have welcomed the launch of HarmonyOS.
覆盖家电家居、运动健康、出行、娱乐、教育等领域的中国产业界对鸿蒙系统及其产业生态表现出积极态度。
In May, Midea Group, a leading Chinese home appliances maker, announced that it would roll out some 200 new products running on HarmonyOS by the end of this year.
今年5月，中国家电业巨头美的集团宣布计划在年内推出近200款搭载鸿蒙系统的产品进入市场。
Huawei expects the number of devices equipped with HarmonyOS to reach 300 million by the end of 2021, including more than 200 million for Huawei devices.
华为计划在2021年实现将鸿蒙系统覆盖3亿台设备，其中2亿台为自有设备。
中共一大纪念馆 the memorial of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China
6月3日，位于上海市的中国共产党第一次全国代表大会纪念馆（the memorial of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China）开馆。
The memorial includes the site of the first CPC National Congress, an oath-taking hall, and a newly-built exhibition area.
中共一大纪念馆由中共一大会址、宣誓大厅、新建展馆等部分组成。
【词汇讲解】
说到“纪念馆”或“纪念碑”，我们会想到对应的是memorial和monument这两个词。在具体使用的时候，两个词稍有区别：memorial可以指“纪念堂、纪念馆，纪念物、纪念碑”等各类用以缅怀逝去的人们或者纪念某个重要事件的建筑物，比如：chairman Mao memorial hall（毛主席纪念堂），Beichuan Earthquake Memorial（北川地震纪念馆）等，同时，memorial也可以直接表示“纪念（悼念）仪式”，可以跟memorial service/ceremony替换使用，比如：Thousands of people attended a memorial to victims of the accident.（数千人参加了这次事故遇难者的悼念仪式）。
Monument更多地用来指代实物的“纪念碑、纪念馆”等具有历史意义的建筑，一般用来纪念有重大影响的人物、事件等，比如：the Monument to the People's Heroes（人民英雄纪念碑），Washington Monument（华盛顿纪念碑），法国的Arc de Triomphe（凯旋门）也属于monument。固定短语be a monument to sth表示“是...的丰碑，是...的不朽成果”，比如：The annual arts festival is a monument to her vision and hard work.（一年一度的艺术节是她开阔的视野及辛勤创作的成果）。The hotel is a monument to mass tourism.（这家旅馆是大众旅游热潮的见证）。
More than 1,100 selected items that highlight the Party's history have been displayed in the exhibition area spanning 3,400 square meters.
展厅面积3400平方米，展出1100多件精选出来的党史文物。
The exhibition area is divided into seven sections that chronicle the founding of the CPC as well as the Party's efforts and achievements over the past 100 years.
展览共7个板块，生动体现中国共产党的诞生和百年奋斗历程。
【词汇讲解】
Chronicle做名词的时候表示“编年史”，一般强调按事件发生的顺序记载，比如：a chronicle of the French Revolution（法国革命编年史），用作动词的时候就表示“详细记录某件事的发生经过”，比如：His one-man show chronicles the life of Mark Twain.（他的单人秀生动展现了马克吐温的一生）。
Exhibits including relics, photos and literature cover major events such as the New Culture Movement, the May Fourth Movement, the establishment of early CPC organizations and early CPC national congresses.
建党文物集中展示新文化运动、五四运动、共产党早期组织的成立，以及早期中国共产党全国代表大会等事件的珍贵文献、照片、实物等。
A total of 72 versions of The Communist Manifesto are also on display.
《共产党宣言》72种版本全部展出。
“联合国生态系统恢复十年”倡议 the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
Amidst the triple environmental threat of biodiversity loss, climate disruption and escalating pollution, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres on Friday launched the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration on the eve of World Environment Day.
6月4日，联合国秘书长古特雷斯宣布启动“联合国生态系统恢复十年”行动计划，以应对生物多样性丧失、气候破坏和污染加剧的三重环境威胁。
【知识点】
“联合国生态系统恢复十年”倡议（the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration）是一项全球性号召，致力于推动世界各地对生态系统进行保护和修复（a rallying call for the protection and revival of ecosystems all around the world），从而造福人类和自然。它旨在制止生态系统的退化（halt the degradation of ecosystems），并对其进行修复，以实现全球目标。只有拥有健康的生态系统，我们才能改善人民生计，抵御气候变化，阻止生物多样性丧失（Only with healthy ecosystems can we enhance people’s livelihoods, counteract climate change, and stop the collapse of biodiversity）。
联合国生态系统恢复十年从2021年持续到2030年，这也是实现可持续发展目标的最后期限（the deadline for the Sustainable Development Goals）和科学家们认定的防止灾难性气候变化的最后机会（the timeline scientists have identified as the last chance to prevent catastrophic climate change）。
“联合国生态系统恢复十年”由联合国环境规划署（the UN Environment Programme，UNEP）和联合国粮食及农业组织（the Food and Agriculture Organization，FAO）共同领导，旨在重构、重建、重塑生态系统（ re-imagine, recreate and restore ecosystems）。
联合国秘书长古特雷斯在行动计划在线启动仪式上发表视频讲话说，
The planet was rapidly reaching a "point of no return," cutting down forests, polluting rivers and oceans, and ploughing grasslands "into oblivion."
地球正迅速接近“不可逆转的临界点”。砍伐森林、污染河流和海洋、开垦草原导致自然资源正在“消失殆尽”。
【词汇讲解】
单词oblivion本意是“完全被遗忘”，常见的搭配是fade/slide/sink into oblivion，均表示“慢慢淡出别人的记忆”，比如：These toys will be around for a year or two, then fade/slide/sink into oblivion（这些玩具在手边玩一两年以后就会被冷落在一旁了）。此外，oblivion还表示“被彻底摧毁”，比如：The planes bombed the city into oblivion（飞机轰炸把这座城市夷为平地）。
"We are ravaging the very ecosystems that underpin our societies," the UN chief warned.
我们正在破坏支撑我们社会的生态系统。
"Our degradation of the natural world is destroying the very food, water and resources needed to survive, and already undermining the well-being of 3.2 billion people -- or 40 percent of humanity," said the top UN official.
自然界的退化正在破坏人类赖以生存的食物、水和资源，而且已经危及全球40%的人口（32亿人）的生存。
But fortunately, the Earth is resilient and "we still have time to reverse the damage we have done," he added.
幸运的是，地球是有恢复能力的，我们还有时间扭转自己造成的破坏。
【词汇讲解】
时政类报道中经常提到的“经济有韧性”一般会翻译为resilience in economic development或者resilient economic growth。所谓的“韧性”就是指经历过挫折和困境以后还能恢复到原先活力状态的能力，形容词resilient和名词resilience都可以用来表达这个意思。此外，形容词resilient和名词resilience也表示“弹性好的，能复原的，适应力好的”等意思，比如：Life is hard there, but the people are resilient.（那里生活艰难，但是人们都坚韧不拔），上文中the Earth is resilient也是这一层意思。This rubber ball is very resilient and immediately springs back into shape.（这个橡皮球弹性非常好，很快就恢复了原状）。
By restoring ecosystems, he said that "we can drive a transformation that will contribute to the achievement of all the Sustainable Development Goals."
通过恢复生态系统，可以推动一场变革，这将有助于实现所有可持续发展目标。
"Accomplishing these things will not only safeguard the planet's resources. It will create millions of new jobs by 2030, generate returns of over 7 trillion US dollars every year and help eliminate poverty and hunger."
做好有关工作，不仅能保护地球资源，而且到2030年，这场变革将创造数百万新的就业机会，每年产生超过7万亿美元的回报并帮助消除贫困和饥饿。
He pointed out that the next 10 years are "our final chance to avert a climate catastrophe, turn back the deadly tide of pollution and end species loss."
未来十年是避免气候灾难、扭转致命污染浪潮、终结物种丧失的最后机会。
新冠疫苗紧急使用 emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines
China is expected to administer COVID-19 vaccines to at least 70 percent of the target population by the end of this year, an official from the National Health Commission confirmed, as the country continues to ramp up its inoculation drive to approve the emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines for those aged between 3 and 17 years old.
我国继续推进新冠疫苗接种工作，已批准将3-17岁人群纳入新冠疫苗紧急使用年龄范围。国家卫健委相关负责人表示，预计到今年年底前，我国将完成至少70%的目标人群接种。
【知识点】
我国已有21个新冠疫苗进入临床试验阶段（21 COVID-19 vaccines entering different stages of clinical trials）。目前有4个疫苗在国内获批附条件上市（conditional market approval for public use），3个疫苗在国内获批紧急使用（emergency use authorization），8个疫苗在国外获批开展Ⅲ期临床试验（launch Phase-3 clinical trials），1个mRNA疫苗在国外获伦理批准（pass ethics evaluation overseas），实现了境外临床试验灭活疫苗（inactivated vaccines）、重组蛋白疫苗（recombinant protein vaccines）、腺病毒载体疫苗（adenovirus vector vaccines）、核酸疫苗（nucleic acid vaccines）技术路线的全面覆盖。
Preliminary results from Phase I and II clinical trials showed the vaccine could trigger immune response in three to 17 year-old participants, and most adverse reactions were mild.
Ⅰ/Ⅱ期临床试验初步结果显示，疫苗能够触发3到17岁接种者体内的免疫反应，多数不良反应轻微。
Following approval by relevant authorities, vaccination will be open to people in this age group based on the epidemic prevention and control situation .
经国家有关部门批准后，会根据疫情防控需要在这一人群中推动接种。
年龄最大接种者超过100岁
Over 763 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines had been administered across China as of Saturday, NHC figures showed.
国家卫健委发布的数据显示，截至6月5日，我国新冠疫苗接种已超过7.63亿剂次。
The oldest vaccine recipients in China's vaccination campaign, open to people aged over 18, are more than 100 years old.
目前我国新冠疫苗接种面向18岁以上人群，其中年龄最大的接种者超过100岁。
China is also making headway in creating nasal spray and inhaled COVID-19 vaccines as clinical trials of them are underway, and experts will study their safety and efficacy after completing the collection of relevant data.
我国在鼻喷雾式 / 吸入型新冠疫苗研发方面也有新进展，目前这种疫苗正在进行临床试验。相关数据收集完成后，专家将对其安全性和有效性展开研究。
【词汇讲解】
固定搭配make headway表示“move forward or make progress”（前进或有进步），比如：The boat made little headway against the strong current（海浪太大，船几乎没怎么动）；We're gradually making headway with the project（我们的项目在慢慢推进）。
长江流域生态环境保护 ecological protection in the Yangtze River basin
6月7日，国务院关于长江流域生态环境保护工作情况的报告提请十三届全国人大常委会第二十九次会议审议。
China has made notable progress in improving water quality, restoring aquatic biodiversity and controlling pollution in the Yangtze River basin, according to the report.
报告显示，长江流域在水质提升、水生物种多样性修复以及污染防控方面均取得明显成效。
Water quality of 96.7 percent of Yangtze River segments reached Level III standard or above in 2020, 13.3 percentage points higher than the national average and 14.9 percentage points higher than the 2015 figure. For the first time, the water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River reached Level II standard or above in 2020, the report notes.
2020年，长江流域水质优良（Ⅲ类以上）断面比例为96.7%，高于全国平均水平13.3个百分点，较2015年提高14.9个百分点，干流首次全线达到Ⅱ类水质。
【知识点】
根据国家环保总局与国家质量监督检验检疫总局联合发布的《地表水环境质量标准》，依据地表水（surface water）水域环境功能和保护目标（the utilization purposes and protection objectives），按功能高低依次划分为五类：
Ⅰ类（一类地表水 Class I） 主要适用于源头水（source water）、国家自然保护区（national nature reserves）；
Ⅱ类 （二类地表水 Class II）主要适用于集中式生活饮用水地表水源地一级保护区（first-class protected areas for centralized sources of drinking water）、珍稀水生生物栖息地（protected areas for rare aquatic animals）、鱼虾类产场（spawning fields of fishes and shrimps）、仔稚幼鱼的索饵场等；
Ⅲ类 （三类地表水 Class III）主要适用于集中式生活饮用水地表水源地二级保护区、鱼虾类越冬场、洄游通道（migration pathways）、水产养殖区（aquatic breeding areas）等渔业水域及游泳区；
Ⅳ类（四类地表水 Class IV） 主要适用于一般工业用水区及人体非直接接触的娱乐用水区（water areas for industrial use and entertainment which is not directly touched by human bodies）；
V类（五类地表水 Class V） 主要适用于农业用水区及一般景观要求水域（water bodies for agricultural and landscape use）。
此外，水污染治理中提到的“劣Ⅴ类”（below Class V），是指质量低于V类的水，甚至无法用于工业和灌溉用途（unusable even for industrial or irrigation purposes），被描述为“黑臭”水体（"black and stinky" water）。
落实长江“十年禁渔”
Provinces and municipalities along the Yangtze River have effectively implemented the 10-year fishing ban, with 228,000 fishermen on 110,000 boats relinquishing their nets, says the report, adding that there have been more frequent sightings of flagship species, such as the Yangtze finless porpoise, after the ban.
沿江省市落实长江“十年禁渔”，累计退捕渔船11万艘、渔民22.8万人。禁捕后，长江江豚等旗舰物种的出现频率增加。
【词汇讲解】
这里的relinquish表示“放弃（某种责任或权力；手中持有的东西）”，比如：relinquish one's claim to the throne（放弃王位），relinquish control of the family business（放弃家族生意），以及上文中的relinquish nets（放下渔网），也就是“退捕”，不再打鱼了。
加强污染治理
Amid pollution control efforts, 558 hazardous chemical production enterprises in densely populated urban areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have been relocated or transformed, accounting for 97.2 percent of the total number, says the report.
在污染治理方面，完成长江经济带城镇人口密集区危险化学品生产企业搬迁改造558家，完成率97.2%。
Measures have been taken to curb agricultural non-point source pollution, says the report, adding that efforts have been strengthened to prevent shipping pollution, promoting the use of new and clean energy by ships in ports along the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
加强农业面源污染防治，同时，加强航运污染治理，持续推进长江经济带港口船舶使用新能源、清洁能源。
推动绿色发展
2021年是全面贯彻落实长江保护法（the Yangtze River conservation law）的第一年。要全面贯彻落实长江保护法，依法推动长江流域生态环境保护。
More efforts will be made in promoting green development, preventing and controlling pollution, carrying out ecological restoration, and establishing and improving relevant systems and mechanisms, the report notes.
要扎实推动绿色发展，深入开展污染防治，持续开展生态修复，建立健全制度机制。
全球经济增长预期 global economic projection
6月8日，世界银行发布最新一期《全球经济展望》报告。
China's economic growth is expected to accelerate to 8.5 percent this year, faster than projected in January, supported by buoyant exports and release of pent-up demand amid effective control of the COVID-19 outbreak, the World Bank said in the report.
世界银行在报告中指出，受活跃的出口贸易以及新冠疫情有效控制后被压抑的需求得到释放等因素支撑，今年中国经济增速有望提升至8.5%，高于今年1月的预估。
【词汇讲解】
很多人看到project这个词，第一反应就是“项目、工程”，但是在经济展望的报道里，project通常用作动词，表示“to estimate for the future based on information already known”，即“（根据已知信息）预测、预估”，比如：Government spending is projected to rise by three percent next year（预计明年政府支出将增加3%），其名词形式就是projection，比如上文中的“faster than projected in January”也可以改写为“higher than the January projection”。
In addition to China, the strong rebounds from a few major economies, including the United States whose growth is projected at 6.8 percent, will propel the global economy to expand by 5.6 percent this year, the fastest post-recession pace in 80 years, according to the report.
报告指出，除中国以外，得益于美国等少数几个主要经济体强劲反弹支撑，今年全球经济增长预期为5.6%，将成为80年来全球在经济衰退后的最快增速。美国经济预计将增长6.8%。
Despite the recovery, global output will be about 2 percent below pre-pandemic projections by the end of this year, the report showed. Per capita income losses will not be unwound by 2022 for about two-thirds of emerging markets and developing economies.
报告表示，尽管出现复苏，但到今年年底全球产出将比疫情前预测低2%左右。约三分之二新兴市场和发展中经济体的人均收入损失在2022年之前将难以恢复。
【词汇讲解】
这里的unwound是动词unwind（读作 /ʌnˈwɑɪnd/）的过去分词形式，表示“to change or remove the effects of something”（改变或消除某事的影响），比如：Financial markets believe that these imbalances can be unwound gradually, allowing the economy to land softly（金融市场认为，这些失衡现象会逐步消除，让经济得以软着陆）。其实，unwind就是动词wind（读作 /wɑɪnd/）的反义词，wind表示“拧，转”等意思，“给钟表上发条”常用wind (up) a clock or watch表示，与之相反，wind down或unwind就可以表示“松开发条，放松”，相当于relax，比如：The facility was built as a place where workers could go and unwind after their shifts（这个地方就是让工人们换班以后放松休息的地方）。
世行行长马尔帕斯表示，
While there are welcome signs of global recovery, the pandemic continues to inflict poverty and inequality on people in developing countries around the world.
虽然出现全球复苏的可喜迹象，但疫情持续给世界各地发展中国家的人民带来贫困和不平等。
First and foremost, expanding vaccine distribution and deployment, especially to developing countries, is a precondition to economic recovery.
首要任务是扩大疫苗分配和供给，特别是对发展中国家的供应，这是经济复苏的前提条件。
Globally coordinated efforts are essential to accelerate vaccine distribution and debt relief, particularly for low-income countries.
在加快疫苗分配和减债进程中，全球范围的协调工作至关重要，对低收入国家而言尤其如此。
As the health crisis eases, policymakers will need to address the pandemic's lasting effects and take steps to spur green, resilient, and inclusive growth while safeguarding macroeconomic stability.
随着健康危机逐渐消退，政府决策者需要着手解决疫情的持久性影响，采取措施促进绿色、有韧性和包容性的增长，同时维护宏观经济稳定。
反外国制裁法 law against foreign sanctions
6月10日下午，十三届全国人大常委会第二十九次会议表决通过了《中华人民共和国反外国制裁法》，国家主席习近平签署主席令予以公布，自公布之日起施行。
China's passing of the law against foreign sanctions is an urgent necessity in order to counter the hegemonism and power politics of some Western countries, an official with China's top legislature said. It is also an urgent necessity to safeguard China's national sovereignty, security and development interests, as well as to coordinate both the domestic and overseas-related rule-of-law, an official of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) said.
全国人大常委会法工委负责人表示，通过反外国制裁法，是反击某些西方国家霸权主义和强权政治的迫切需要，是维护国家主权、安全、发展利益的迫切需要，是统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治的迫切需要。
【词汇讲解】
这里的counter作为动词，表示“反制，反击”，“反”这个字强调的是对某个行为做出“反应”，是一个reaction，所以，counter有时候也用作前缀，表示“反”，比如：countermeasure（反制措施），counterattack（反击），counterterrorism（反恐）等。
In recent years, some Western countries and organizations have smeared China's domestic and foreign policies and legislation, and imposed so-called sanctions upon related state organs, organizations and public servants by using pretexts including Xinjiang, Tibet and Hong Kong-related issues.
近年来，某些西方国家和组织利用涉疆涉藏涉港等各种议题和借口，对中国内外政策和有关立法修法议程横加指责、抹黑、攻击，对中国有关国家机关、组织和国家工作人员实施所谓“制裁”。
【词汇讲解】
这里的impose表示“把...强加给；强制实行”等意思，强调的是“强制、强加”这个意思，常用的搭配就是impose something on/upon someone/something，比如：The government imposed high taxes on cigarettes.（政府对香烟施加重税）。The council has imposed a ban on alcohol in the city parks.（议会在城市公园里实行禁酒令）。你会注意到impose后面跟的一般都是tax、ban、fine等强制政策或惩罚手段。此外，这个短语还可以用来表示“把某人的想法强加在别人身上”，比如：I don't want to impose my will upon my child.（我不想把我的意愿强加在孩子身上）。
The purpose of formulating the law is to counter, fight and oppose unilateral sanctions on China imposed by foreign countries, safeguard its national sovereignty, security and development interests as well as to protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and organizations, the official said.
制定反外国制裁法，主要目的是为了反制、反击、反对外国对中国搞的所谓“单边制裁”，维护我国的主权、安全、发展利益，保护我国公民、组织的合法权益。
反外国制裁法第六条明确列举了三类反制措施：
-- Refusing to issue visas, banning entry into China, invalidating visas, and deportation;
一是不予签发签证、不准入境、注销签证或者驱逐出境；
-- Sealing up, seizing and freezing movable, immovable and other types of property in China;
二是查封、扣押、冻结在我国境内的动产、不动产和其他各类财产；
-- Prohibiting from conducting related transactions with domestic organizations or individuals;
三是禁止或者限制我国境内的组织、个人与其进行有关交易、合作等活动。
同时，还作了一个兜底性规定，即“其他必要措施”。
制定实施反外国制裁法不会给国家对外开放带来不利影响
China's determination and will to deepen reform, expand opening-up and safeguard its national sovereignty, security and development interests stand firm, the official added.
中国深化改革、扩大开放的决心和意志是坚定不移的，维护国家主权、安全、发展利益的决心和意志也是坚定不移的。
燃气爆炸 gas explosion
6月13日，湖北十堰市张湾区艳湖社区集贸市场发生燃气爆炸。
The State Council's Work Safety Commission will supervise the investigation of the deadly gas explosion in Central China's Hubei province.
国务院安委会将对湖北省这次燃气爆炸事故进行挂牌督办。
【单词讲解】
Blast和explosion均表示“爆炸”，可以替换使用，不过blast除了表示“爆炸”以外，还可以表示“（爆炸产生的）冲击波；强劲的气流；一阵...”等，比如：a blast of freezing rain（一阵冷冷的冰雨），a blast of anger（一股怒气），feel the blast from several miles away（感受到了几英里之外的冲击波）。
Together with the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Emergency Management has asked local governments to locate markets and catering businesses that use gas and make sure they all have gas leakage alert systems installed as soon as possible.
应急管理部已联合住建部等部门推动各地区全面摸排使用燃气的集贸市场、餐饮等生产经营单位底数，尽快安装燃气泄漏报警装置。
【词汇讲解】
这里的locate表示“to find or discover the exact position of something”，即“找到或确定某物的具体位置”的意思，在侦探剧中我们经常会听到这个词，比如：The police were unable to locate the murder weapon（警方没能找到杀人凶器），Sniffer dogs located the drugs（嗅探犬找到了毒品）等等。在日常的语境中，locate经常用来表示“位于，坐落于”等意思，比如：The factory was located too close to a residential area（那座工厂的位置离居民区太近），My home is located on the outskirts of town（我们家在郊区）。
More than 2,000 people, including 210 firefighters, have been involved in the search and rescue work, and 913 households near the market have been evacuated for their safety.
共有2000余人参与搜救工作，其中包括210名消防员。出于安全考虑，市场附近913户居民已被疏散。
A team has been set up to investigate the blast, and Hubei will launch a province-wide blanket inspection to root out potential work safety hazards.
当地已组成事故调查组，湖北省将在全省展开安全大检查，排除潜在安全隐患。
【词汇讲解】
Blanket这个词我们最熟悉的意思是“毯子”，比如：an electric blanket（电热毯），短语a blanket of something指“一层...”，比如： a thick blanket of snow（厚厚的一层雪）。在这里blanket用作形容词，表示“全面的，综合的，包括（所有人，所有事）的”，比如： a blanket ban on smoking（全面禁烟令）。
The commission and the Ministry of Emergency Management also asked local governments to better educate the public about evacuation procedures and to carry out drills so they won't panic when accidents happen.
安委会和应急管理部要求当地政府加强群众安全教育培训，开展经常性熟悉演练，防止出现险情时手忙脚乱或不知所措。
Working groups from the central departments have been sent to guide the handling of the accident, while a national medical team has also been dispatched to Shiyan.
中央各部委已派出工作组指导事故处理工作，同时派医疗专家组赶赴十堰。
校外教育培训监管司 department to regulate extracurricular tutoring schools
The Ministry of Education on Tuesday established a new department to regulate extracurricular tutoring schools, aiming to reduce students' excessive academic burden.
6月15日，教育部新成立校外教育培训监管司，旨在为学生减负。
【词汇讲解】
这里的“监管”用regulate来表示，是因为regulate强调“（按照法律法规）管理或指导（工作）”或者“为...制定规范规则”，包含了“监督”和“管理”两重含义，比如：The government has introduced new laws to regulate the sale of tobacco（国家颁布新法规范烟草销售）。我们通常所说的“行政管理”多用administer表示，这个词强调的是“管理（机构的运行）”，比如：the UN will administer the country until elections can be held（选举之前，这个国家由联合国进行管理）， 所以国家的一些行政管理机构的名称里一般都有administration这个词，比如： State Taxation Administration（国家税务总局），State Administration for Market Regulation（国家市场监管总局）等。
教育部官网的信息显示，校外教育培训监管司的主要职责是：
承担面向中小学生（含幼儿园儿童）的校外教育培训管理工作（responsible for regulating tutoring schools for kindergarten pupils, primary and secondary school students），指导校外教育培训机构党的建设（Party building at tutoring schools），拟订校外教育培训规范管理政策（formulate regulatory policies for tutoring schools）。
会同有关方面拟订校外教育培训（含线上线下）机构设置、培训内容、培训时间、人员资质、收费监管等相关标准和制度（set out standards for the content and duration of both online and offline training, the qualifications of tutors as well as charges）并监督执行，组织实施校外教育培训综合治理，指导校外教育培训综合执法。
指导规范面向中小学生的社会竞赛等活动（regulate competitions and contests for primary and secondary school students）。
及时反映和处理校外教育培训重大问题（deal with major problems related to after-school training）。
神舟十二号载人飞船 Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft
China launched the Shenzhou XII spacecraft, its seventh manned spaceflight, on Thursday morning, sending three astronauts to the core module of its permanent space station.The spacecraft, atop a Long March-2F carrier rocket, blasted off at 9:22 am at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China.
6月17日9时22分，搭载神舟十二号载人飞船的长征二号F遥十二运载火箭，在酒泉卫星发射中心点火发射。三名航天员将乘坐神舟十二号载人飞船到达我国永久空间站核心舱。神舟十二号载人飞船是我国第七次载人飞船任务。
【知识点】
在英文报道中，无人航空飞行器、卫星、火箭等（unmanned space vessels, satellites, rockets）的编号一般用阿拉伯数字，而载人飞行器（manned spacecraft）的编号一般用罗马数字，比如，“嫦娥五号”的英文是Chang'e-5，而我国首个载人飞船“神舟五号”的英文是Shenzhou V。
我们一起来学习一下罗马数字中常用的表达方式：
1-I，2-II，3-III，4-IV，5-V
6-VI，7-VII，8-VIII，9-IX，10-X
11-XI，12-XII，13-XIII，14-XIV，15-XV
16-XVI，17-XVII，18-XVIII，19-XIX，20-XX
50-L，60-LX，70-LXX，80-LXXX，90-XC，100-C
400-CD，500-D，1000-M
按计划，神舟十二号飞船入轨后，将采用自主快速交会对接模式对接于天和核心舱的前向端口（conduct a fast automated rendezvous and docking with the in-orbit space station core module Tianhe），与天和核心舱、天舟二号货运飞船形成组合体（ form a complex with Tianhe and the cargo craft Tianzhou-2）。航天员进驻核心舱（be stationed in the core module），执行天地同步作息制度进行工作生活。驻留约三个月后，搭乘飞船返回舱返回东风着陆场（the Dongfeng Landing Site）。
根据神舟十二号载人飞行任务总体安排，三名航天员聂海胜、刘伯明和汤洪波在轨期间将主要完成四个方面的工作，计划开展两次出舱活动（extravehicular activities）及舱外作业（extravehicular operations）。中国载人航天工程办公室主任助理季启明介绍，这四项主要任务包括：
First, they will operate and manage the complex, including the in-orbit test of the Tianhe module, verification of the recycling and life support system, testing and operation training of the robotic arm, as well as management of materials and waste.
开展核心舱组合体的日常管理。包括天和核心舱在轨测试、再生生保系统验证、机械臂测试与操作训练，以及物资与废弃物管理等。
Second, they will move, assemble and test extravehicular spacesuits and perform two extravehicular activities for work including assembling an extravehicular toolbox, lifting the panoramic camera and installing extended pump sets.
开展出舱活动及舱外作业。包括舱外服在轨转移、组装、测试，进行两次出舱活动，开展舱外工具箱的组装、全景摄像机抬升和扩展泵组的安装等工作。
Third, they will carry out space science experiments and technology experiments, as well as public outreach activities.
开展空间科学实验和技术试验，以及有关科普教育活动。
Fourth, they will manage their own health through daily life care, physical exercise, and regular monitoring and assessment of their own health status.
按计划开展日常的生活照料、身体锻炼，定期监测、维持与评估自身健康状态。
按计划，我国空间站将于2022年前后完成建造。
2021年4月29日，我国用长征五号乙运载火箭（Long March 5B heavy-lift rocket）将天和核心舱发射进入轨道。
Based on project plans, the Tianzhou 3 cargo ship will be launched in September to dock with Tianhe and the next month, another three-crew team will fly with the Shenzhou XIII to the module to stay there for six months.
按照计划，今年9月，将发射天舟三号货运飞船，升空后与天和对接；10月，另外3名航天员将搭乘神舟十三号飞船抵达核心舱，并驻留6个月。
In 2022, two large space labs will be launched to connect with the core module. Moreover, two manned missions and two robotic cargo flights will be made that year to continue construction of the Tiangong station, which is scheduled to become complete and start formal operation around the end of 2022.
2022年，将发射两个大型太空实验室，与核心舱对接。之后还将发射两次载人任务和两次货运飞船任务，继续推进天宫空间站的建设。到2022年底，空间站有望完成组装，开始正式运行。
饭圈 fans group
一段时间以来，“饭圈”粉丝群体在网上互撕谩骂、应援打榜、造谣攻击等问题屡见不鲜，破坏清朗网络生态，对未成年人身心健康造成不利影响，人民群众反映强烈。
The Cyberspace Administration of China kicked off a two-month nationwide campaign this month to purify the online environment after it found that some netizens had lured youngsters to spend large amounts of money on stars, flaunt their wealth or become involved in mudslinging exchanges with fans of rival performers.
因网络上诱导未成年人应援集资、攀比炫富、侮辱诽谤等问题突出，中央网信办决定本月起在全国范围内开展为期2个月的“清朗·‘饭圈’乱象整治”专项行动。
【知识点】
“饭圈”是粉丝圈子的简称，指粉丝群体（fans group），这里的“饭”=“粉丝”，由英文单词fans音译而来。
这里的mudsling指“Make malicious or scandalous allegations about an opponent with the aim of damaging their reputation”，即“恶意指责或诽谤对手，以达到破坏其名誉的目的”，相当于中文里的“抹黑、诽谤”等意思，跟slander、smear意思相近。
此次行动重点打击以下5类“饭圈”乱象行为：
Luring youngsters to spend large amounts of money supporting and voting for their idols in order to boost their popularity;
一是诱导未成年人应援集资、高额消费、投票打榜等行为；
Trolling, slandering, mudslinging, cyber hunting, and other forms of privacy infringement;
二是“饭圈”粉丝互撕谩骂、拉踩引战、造谣攻击、人肉搜索、侵犯隐私等行为；
Inciting fans to flaunt wealth or indulge in luxury;
三是鼓动“饭圈”粉丝攀比炫富、奢靡享乐等行为；
Organizing fans, hiring paid posters or manipulating multiple social media acounts to slander or support stars by posting or deleting online comments;
四是以号召粉丝、雇用网络水军、“养号”形式刷量控评等行为；
Influencing public opinions through newsjacking or hyping, disturbing public communications.
五是通过“蹭热点”、制造话题等形式干扰舆论，影响传播秩序行为。
行动开始以来，腾讯、抖音、豆瓣、新浪微博等多个平台均发布公告，开始清理各类乱象。
Sina Weibo, a Twitter-like platform, has banned netizens from using words such as gossip or onlooker in their nicknames when registering web accounts and has also increased supervision of posts involving entertainment idols.
新浪微博禁止用户在昵称中使用“八组”、“瓜组”等字眼，同时加强对娱乐圈偶像相关帖文的管理。
Statistics provided by the platform showed that more than 3,700 pieces of information involving arguments between followers of different celebrities were eliminated from June 4 to 11, and 13 accounts were prohibited from posting for 30 days due to improper behavior.
新浪微博提供的数据显示，6月4日至11日，该平台共删除3700余条粉丝互撕谩骂的帖文，13个账号因违规行为被禁言30天。
Douban, a popular site that features reviews of movies and television series, said its major focus is combating those who lure youngsters to raise money to support idols.
主打影视剧评论的豆瓣平台表示，清理行动主要整治诱导青少年集资应援的行为。
中央网信办有关负责人表示，专项行动将强化明星经纪公司、粉丝团规范管理，在引导青少年理性追星（follow celebrities in a rational manner）上协同发力，探索形成规范“饭圈”管理的长效工作机制（a long-term mechanism to regulate the activities of fans groups），推动“饭圈”文化实现良性发展，共同营造文明健康的网上精神家园。
建党百年纪念币 commemorative coins to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China
中国人民银行定于6月21日起陆续发行中国共产党成立100周年纪念币一套（a set of commemorative coins to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China）。
The set has 9 coins, including three in gold, five in silver, and one copper-alloy coin, and all the commemorative coins are the nation's legal tenders, according to the People's Bank of China.
中国人民银行介绍，该套纪念币共9枚，其中金质纪念币3枚，银质纪念币5枚，双色铜合金纪念币1枚，均为中华人民共和国法定货币。
【知识点】
“纪念币”用英文commemorative coins 表示，是一个国家为纪念国际或本国的政治、历史、文化等方面的重大事件、杰出人物、 名胜古迹、珍稀动植物、体育赛事等而发行的纪念硬币，一般为精制，限量发行。Commemorative表示“纪念性的”，如纪念柱（commemorative column）、纪念邮票（commemorative stamp）、纪念封（commemorative cover）等。
中国人民银行于1991年、2011年分别发行了中国共产党成立70周年、中国共产党成立90周年普通纪念币。中国人民银行副行长范一飞介绍：
The special commemorative coins are designed for the centenary of the CPC, with the highest specification and the largest number of various types in a set, compared with previously issued coins of similar commemorative themes.
与前两次同题材纪念币发行相比，中国共产党成立100周年纪念币的规格最高、品种最多。
【词汇讲解】
Centenary读作[sen'tenəri]，可以用作形容词或名词表示“the hundredth anniversary of a significant event”（某个重大事件一百周年纪念），比如时政报道中经常提到的“两个一百年”奋斗目标就是Two Centenary Goals，具体来说就是在中国共产党成立100年时全面建成小康社会（complete a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC），在新中国成立100年时把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国（develop China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the centenary of the PRC）。
此套纪念币紧密围绕中国共产党成立100周年庆祝活动这一主题，既有深沉厚重的历史积淀，又有喜庆热烈的节日氛围。
据介绍，纪念币图案既有代表中国共产党成立的上海中共一大会址（the site of the first CPC National Congress in Shanghai）、浙江嘉兴南湖红船（the red boat on Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing, Zhejiang），又有中国天眼（FAST）、高铁（high-speed railways）等具有代表性的国家最新成就和象征未来发展的元素，还有展现百年光辉历程的群雕、漆壁画等。
中国工商银行、中国农业银行、中国银行、中国建设银行、交通银行、华夏银行、浦发银行、中国邮政储蓄银行将共同承担中国共产党成立100周年双色铜合金纪念币的预约兑换工作。
预约承办银行将于8月31日至9月4日同时办理两批次的预约业务。公众可通过预约承办银行官方网站等线上渠道或到网点进行预约登记。
航天食品 space food
6月17日18时48分，航天员聂海胜、刘伯明、汤洪波先后进入天和核心舱，标志着中国人首次进入自己的空间站。在空间站驻留3个月期间，航天员们都吃什么呢？
There are more than 120 kinds of food and beverages inside the core module, named Tianhe, or Harmony of Heavens. These carefully selected food and beverages are nutritionally balanced, taste good and can be kept for a long time.
天和核心舱有120多种食品和饮品。这些食物都是精心挑选的，营养均衡、美味可口、保存期限长。
【知识点】
虽然“太空食堂”的食品种类多，但每种都是严格按照航天食品（space food）标准条件研制生产的。
首先，航天食品要求营养丰富且均衡（nutritionally balanced）。
第二，要求“一口吃”（in bite size）。最好是固态、无骨、小块且全部可食的（in small solid cubes and boneless），不能有残渣（no crumbs），不能留下太多难以处理的餐余垃圾（no food residue）。
第三，必须尽量保证航天员的食欲（have a good appetite）。
中国载人航天工程航天员系统总设计师黄伟芬介绍：
The food and beverages have been divided into weekly breakfast, lunch and supper menus, and the menus were made based on personal flavor preferences gathered through a survey before the astronauts set out on their mission.
核心舱的食物按周列入早餐、午餐及晚餐菜单，这些菜单是根据航天员出发之前的个人口味调查安排的。
Sources with knowledge of the survey said that astronauts in the Shenzhou XII mission and crews for the next three spaceflights were invited to taste hundreds of specially prepared foods and beverages and then score them.
调查相关人员表示，神舟十二及后续三次飞行任务的航天员受邀对数百种特制食物进行品尝并打分。
According to the survey, most Chinese astronauts have a preference for Sichuan-style spicy food. In addition, compared with sweet-and-sour sauces, spicy sauces are always the first to be used up, the sources said.
调查结果显示，大部分中国航天员喜欢吃辣味川菜，酸甜酱和辣酱中，辣酱通常是最先吃完的。
碳排放交易 carbon emission trading
6月22日，上海环境能源交易所发布的《关于全国碳排放权交易相关事项的公告》明确，全国碳排放权交易机构负责组织开展全国碳排放权集中统一交易。
The Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange will be responsible for opening accounts and the operation of the national carbon emission trading system, according to the announcement.
公告指出，上海环境能源交易所将承担全国碳排放权交易系统账户开立和运行维护等具体工作。
【知识点】
碳排放交易（carbon emission trading），是指《京都议定书(the Kyoto Protocol)》为促进全球温室气体减排（reduce greenhouse gas emissions），以国际公法作为依据的温室气体排放减量交易。这种交易以每吨二氧化碳当量为计算单位，所以通称为“碳交易（carbon exchange）”，其交易市场称为碳市（carbon market）。
建立这种机制的目的在于减少碳排放（carbon emissions），降低能耗（energy consumption）以及碳浓度（carbon intensity）。碳交易机制遵循的是“总量控制和交易原则”（cap-and-trade rules），各地依照其空气质量改善目标为企业配给排放权额度（carbon emission quota），并规范其逐年应削减的排放量比例、达成的目标年等，企业取得排放权额度后，便可根据自身减排情况购买或出售配额。
交易方式
Based on Chinese emissions allowances, a standard set by the State Council in late 2017, the national carbon trading system allows trading modes including listing trading by agreement, bulk trading by agreement and one-way bidding.
根据国务院2017年底设定的中国碳排放权配额标准，全国碳排放权交易系统可以采取挂牌协议交易、大宗协议交易或单向竞价等交易方式。
挂牌协议交易涨跌幅为10%
The transaction price for listing trading will be able to fluctuate by a maximum of 10 percent according to the closing price on the previous trading day, with the minimum declaration amount for bulk trading set at 100,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide and the fluctuation range of the transaction price set at 30 percent.
挂牌协议交易的成交价格在上一个交易日收盘价的±10%之间确定。对于大宗协议交易，单笔买卖最小申报数量应当不小于10万吨二氧化碳当量。大宗协议交易的成交价格在上一个交易日收盘价的±30％之间确定。
Market entities applying for one-way bidding can purchase emission allowances from counterparts, with the bidding information released by the exchange.
申请单向竞买的市场主体可向其他市场主体购买碳排放配额，竞买信息由交易机构发布。
火星车 Mars rover
6月27日，国家航天局发布我国天问一号火星探测任务着陆和巡视探测系列实拍影像。
The clips recorded the Tianwen 1's landing rover deploying its parachute and descending to the Martian surface, and its Mars rover Zhurong driving away from its landing platform and moving over the surface of Mars.
视频片段记录了天问一号着陆巡视器开伞和下降过程、祝融号火星车驶离着陆平台及火星表面移动过程。
【知识点】
2020年4月24日，国家航天局公布：中国行星探测任务（planetary exploration missions）被命名为“天问（Tianwen）系列”，首次火星探测任务（first Mars exploration mission）被命名为“天问一号”，后续行星任务依次编号。“天问”来自中国伟大诗人屈原的长诗《天问》。“天问”这个名字表达了中华民族对于真理追求的坚韧与执着（the Chinese nation's perseverance in pursuing truth），体现了对自然和宇宙空间探索的文化传承（culture of exploring nature and the universe）。
The ambient sound during the process of Zhurong's rolling onto the Martian surface was also published, enabling people to hear the first sounds transmitted from the Chinese robot.
祝融号踏上火星表面全过程的现场声音也同时发布，让人们能够听到中国火星车首次传回地球的声音。
The images include the Martian landscape and the ruts left behind by the rover.
影像包括火星全局环境感知图像、火星车车辙图像等。
2021年4月24日，国家航天局正式公布我国首辆火星车命名为“祝融”，全称“祝融号”。
Zhurong is the god of fire in ancient Chinese mythology. Literally, Zhu (meaning wish) expresses the good wishes for humankind's exploration of the universe. Rong (meaning integration and cooperation) reflects China's vision of the peaceful use of space and the building of a community with a shared future for humanity.
祝融是中国上古神话中的火神。“祝”，表达了对人类踏进星辰大海的美好祝愿，“融”，体现融合、协作，表达中国人和平利用太空、增进人类福祉的格局和愿景。
Fire brought warmth and brightness to the ancestors of humankind, and fire lit up human civilization. The naming is intended to represent the rover's symbolic task to ignite the hope of China's inter-planetary exploration, encourage humanity's relentless adventure into the immense universe, and urge mankind to keep pursuing self-transcendence
火的应用促进了人类文明的发展，驱散黑暗、带来温暖。将首辆火星车命名为祝融号，寓意点燃我国行星际探测的火种，指引人类对浩瀚星空、宇宙未知的接续探索和自我超越。
With an expected life span of three months, the 240-kilogram Zhurong is tasked with surveying Mars' landforms, geological structures, soil characteristics, potential locations of water and ice, and atmospheric and environmental characteristics, as well as magnetic and gravitational fields and other physical properties.
祝融号火星车重240公斤，设计寿命3个月，任务是研究火星形貌与地质构造特征、火星表面土壤特征与水冰分布、火星大气电离层及表面气候与环境特征、火星物理场与内部结构等。
As of the morning of June 27, the orbiter around Mars for 338 days, and its Earth-Mars distance is approximately 360 million km. The Mars rover Zhurong has been working on Mars for 42 Martian days and has driven a total of 236 meters.of the Tianwen-1 mission has been operating
【知识点】
火星日（Martian day）平均为 24 小时 39 分 35.244 秒，或 1.027 地球日。火星公转周期（the revolution period of Mars）为 1.88 地球年，687 地球日，或 668.6 火星日。
Zhurong will continue its movement, detection, and scientific exploration missions as planned.
后续，火星车将继续按计划开展移动、感知、科学探测。
The orbiter will continue to operate in a relay orbit, providing relay communication for the rover's scientific exploration while conducting its own scientific detection operations.
环绕器继续运行在中继轨道，为火星车巡视探测提供中继通信，并开展环绕探测。
七一勋章 July 1 Medal
庆祝中国共产党成立100周年“七一勋章”颁授仪式于6月29日上午10时在人民大会堂隆重举行。
Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, presented the July 1 Medal to 29 outstanding CPC members.
中共中央总书记习近平为29名“七一勋章”获得者颁授勋章。
The July 1 Medal, established by the CPC Central Committee, is the highest honor in the Party.
“七一勋章”由中共中央设立，是党内最高荣誉。
“七一勋章”是以朴素、庄重为主要设计理念，以红色、金色、白色为主色调（with red, gold and white as its main colors），使用冷压成型、花丝镶嵌、彩丝织锦等工艺制作。章体采用党徽（the Party emblem）、五角星（the five-pointed star）、旗帜（flags）、丰碑与光芒、向日葵（sunflowers）、大山大河（mountains and rivers）、如意祥云等元素。
“七一勋章”使用织物绶带（ attached to a fabric ribbon），采用向日葵、光芒、星光等元素（elements such as sunflowers, rays of light and starlight）。寓意在党的阳光沐浴下，勋章获得者一心向党，全心全意为人民服务，不忘初心、牢记使命、砥砺前行。
The recipients included teachers, soldiers, community workers and professionals in the arts and science.
“七一勋章”获得者有教师、士兵、社区工作者以及文艺和科技领域的专业人员。
习近平总书记在颁授仪式上发表重要讲话，以下为双语要点：
- The CPC has written a splendid chapter in the history of the Chinese nation's development and that of humanity's progress over the past century.
一百年来，我们党在中华民族发展史和人类社会进步史上写下了壮丽篇章。
- Generations of Chinese Communists have fought tenaciously for national independence and liberation, for prosperity and strength of the country, and for the happiness of the people.
一代又一代中国共产党人，为赢得民族独立和人民解放、实现国家富强和人民幸福，前仆后继、浴血奋战。
今天受到表彰的“七一勋章”获得者，就是各条战线党员中的杰出代表。在他们身上，生动体现了中国共产党人坚定信念、践行宗旨、拼搏奉献、廉洁奉公的高尚品质和崇高精神。
Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the Chinese Communists' quality and spirit of maintaining staunch faith, which is to stay true to the original aspiration and dedicate everything, even the precious life, to the cause of the Party and people.
——坚定信念，就是坚持不忘初心、不移其志，为党和人民事业奉献自己的一切乃至宝贵生命。
- Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the fundamental tenet of Chinese Communists, which is putting the people at the very center of their hearts, and wholeheartedly serving the people.
——践行宗旨，就是心中装着人民，工作为了人民，一心一意为百姓造福。
- Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the fighting and dedication spirit of Chinese Communists, who make dedicating themselves to the Party and the country and fulfilling their duties a lifelong pursuit.
——拼搏奉献，就是把许党报国、履职尽责作为人生目标。
- The July 1 Medal recipients embody the Chinese Communists' integrity and devotion. Such quality and spirit represent the glorious CPC traditions of hard work and plain living, as well as putting public interests above personal interests.
——廉洁奉公，就是保持共产党人艰苦朴素、公而忘私的光荣传统。
- July 1 Medal recipients are heroes coming from and deeply rooted in the people. The recipients are ordinary heroes that fulfill their duties and make quiet contributions. Their deeds can be followed and their spirit can be pursued.
“七一勋章”获得者都来自人民、植根人民，是立足本职、默默奉献的平凡英雄。他们的事迹可学可做，他们的精神可追可及。
- CPC members and officials should boldly advance toward the second centenary goal of fully building a modern socialist country, as well as the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.
广大党员、干部不懈奋斗，永远奋斗，在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程上，向着第二个百年奋斗目标、向着中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦奋勇前进！
高校学生资助热线电话 hotlines for inquiries on college financial-aid programs
6月29日，教育部开通2021年高校学生资助热线电话（hotlines for inquiries on college financial-aid programs），电话号码为010-66097980、010-66096590。
This marks the 17th year in a row that the Ministry of Education has opened such hotlines for inquiries and complaints regarding the country's financial-aid policies for college students.
今年是教育部连续第17年开通高校学生资助热线电话，受理高校学生国家资助政策的咨询和有关投诉建议。
【知识点】
目前，国家已经建立了覆盖各教育阶段、各级各类学校、所有家庭经济困难学生的资助政策体系（a financial assistance system covering all students from disadvantaged backgrounds at all levels of education）。在高等教育阶段，国家奖学金（national scholarship）、国家励志奖学金（national endeavor scholarship）、国家助学金（national grant）、国家助学贷款（national student loans）、新生入学资助（tuition assistance for freshmen）、勤工助学（part-time jobs for students）、学费减免（tuition reduction or exemption）、补偿代偿、“绿色通道”等多种资助方式并举，确保高校家庭经济困难学生顺利入学并完成学业。
教育部表示，为了更好服务家庭经济困难学生和家长，热线电话受理时间将延长。
In addition to daily operations from 8 am to 8 pm during the summer vacation, as in previous years, this year will see extended hotline operations on working days throughout the year starting from Sept 16, the ministry said.
今年热线电话除在暑期集中受理外，从9月16日起将在每个工作日常年开通。
Education authorities and universities across the country are also required to open hotlines to provide information on financial aid.
各地教育管理部门以及高校均应开通热线电话提供资助信息。
教育部特别提醒学生和家长：
Scammers normally search for targets around school opening days. The ministry urged students to stay vigilant against frauds of any kind and get information on financial aid from education authorities and colleges in order to avoid losses.
开学前后是诈骗高发期，一定要通过教育部门和高校等正式渠道咨询学生资助政策，提高警惕，谨防诈骗，避免造成经济损失。
